What is Jute Fiber? | Definition of jute fibre. | Jute Fiber Properties | Use of Jute Fiber.
Introduction:
Jute is the second most important fiber plant in India, close to
the cotton plant. Now-a-days in the world market Jute is in high demand due to
its low cost, softness, strength, length, luster, uniformity and especially the
eco-friendly of its fiber. The Jute industry in India plays an important role
in the Indian economy, provides direct employment to about 0.26 million
workers, and supports the livelihoods of farm families of 4.0 million. There is
a solid foundation for the jute industry found in India. In this article I will
discuss in detail the jute industry in India.
Jute Use:
Jute is used to produce many different products such as gun bags,
hessian, ropes, cords, carpets, rugs and clothing, canvas, upholstery and
decorative pieces. In recent times jute fiber has also been used to make men's
clothing and women's sareee, a salwar-khameez material, after performing a
fiber softening process. Linen fabrics are now the days introduced in the
Indian textile market.
Growing Conditions:
Jute is usually a tropical and humid climate plant. Requires high
temperatures ranging from 24 ° C to 35 ° C and heavy rainfall of 120 to 150 cm
and relative humidity of 80 to 90 percent during its growth Light rainfall
before heavy rain varies from 25 cm to 55 cm. is very useful .It helps in the
proper growth of the jute plant until the right monsoon is obtained. Persistent
and untimely rains as well as prolonged droughts are dangerous for this plant.
Rainfall of between 2.5 and 7.5 cm per month is required, At the time of sowing
it is considered sufficient.
In addition, periodic bathing varying from 2 to 3 cm during the
week during the growing season is considered essential. A large amount of water
is needed not only for growing jute crops but also for handling fibers after
the crop is harvested.
Mud or soft clay is considered to be suitable for jute soil. As
jute quickly erodes soil fertility, it is imperative that the soil be
replenished every year with floodplains filled with mud in rivers. A large
supply of inexpensive activities is also required for the extraction and
processing of jute fiber.
Jute Planting and Treatment Strategy:
Jute is usually sown in February in the lowlands and in March-May
in the highlands. The plant takes 8-10 months to ripen but different varieties
take a modified period to ripen. The harvest season usually begins in July and
ends in October.
The plants are cut down and tied into bundles. Sheaves of jute
stocks are then immersed in floodwaters or lakes or stagnant water for about 2
to 3 weeks to re-dry. High water temperatures speed up the recovery process.
After the finish is finished, the bark is peeled from the plant and the fiber
is removed.
After this, peeling, washing, washing and cleaning are done and
the fiber is dried in the sun and pressed into the barns. The whole process
must be done by human hand. The availability of a large number of employees at
low prices is very important. As a result, these workers are more readily
available because jute is grown in densely populated areas.
Production:
India experienced a major disruption in jute production due to the
division of the country in 1947 because about 75 percent of the jute production
sites went to Bangladesh (East Pakistan at the time) Overwhelmed, most of the
jute mills remained in India. . Strong efforts are being made to increase
productivity and the jute area, soon after the split to feed our jute mills
that are eating due to a shortage of raw jute.
After this time the jute planting area varied between 0.8 million
hectares and 0.9 million hectares. The total increase in jute production,
despite the fact that the jute zone remains the same, is mainly due to the
increase in yield.
Jute yields almost doubled from 1,183 kg / hectare in 1960- 61 to
2,183 kg / ha in 2003-04. This is a great achievement considering the
boundaries of the area where jute planting can continue.
In addition, 0.5 million people are involved in the trade of
immature goods and related services. India currently accounts for about 66 per
cent of jute production in the world compared to only 25 per cent of Bangladesh
production.
Distribution:
West Bengal:
West Bengal is a well-known jute producer in India accounting for more than four-fifths of the production and about three-quarters of the area under jute. Here the hot, humid climate and fertile, fertile soil connected to a lot of cheap work provide excellent conditions for jute growth.
However, the bulk of the product comes from the provinces of Nadia, Murshidabad, 24 Parganas, Coochbehar, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, West Dinajpur, Bardhaman, Maldah and Medinipur. All jute products are used in jute mills found in the Hugli basin.
Bihar:
Bihar is the second largest producer but lagging far behind West Bengal in producing jute accounting with only about 9.72 percent of production and more than 17 percent of the country's jute. Purnea is the largest region producing 60 percent of Bihar's production. Katihar, Saharsa and Darbhanga are other productive regions.
Assam:
With about 6.68 percent of production and 7.88 percent of the country's territory, Assam is the third largest jut-producing region in India. The main focus is on the Brahmaputra and Surma valleys. Goalpara, Kamrup, Nowgong, Darrang and Sibsagar are the main productive regions.
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