What is History of cotton fibre?.classification of cotton fibre. Sea Island cotton and Egyptian cotton. Advantage and disadvantage of cotton fibre. American cotton and their properties.

 What is History of cotton fibre?.classification of cotton fibre. Sea Island cotton and Egyptian cotton. Advantage and disadvantage of cotton fibre. American cotton and their properties.  

History of Cotton Fibre

People have learned to grow, produce and use cotton in the Middle East and India since 5000 BC. Following the invasion of India by Alexander the Great, textile production spread throughout Europe. But cotton is used by different names in different places.

The word cotton in English is derived from the Arabic word 'khatan'. From the Arabic word where the name was given flax. Cotton is called by many names around the world.

The production of modern cotton began in England in the 18th century. Cotton then quickly spread to the United States. Today it contributes to mass production and international trade. Today cotton is the backbone of the textile industry in the world.

Cotton is considered to be the most important textile fiber of the 20th century. Because it is a great fiber for fabric and has excellent fibrous properties to produce fabrics. Therefore, it is important that everyone in the textile business is aware of the classification of cotton.

What is the classification of cotton fiber?

a)     a) Sea Island Cotton:

Sea Island cotton is the most important commercial cotton. It's from Barbados. It is a long, beautiful, soft and silky natural fiber.

                                                                  Fig: Sea Island cotton

Sea Island cotton's Properties:

 Length: The average length of these strands is about 2 inches (51 mm).

Width: 1/1500 inc (01.17mm)

Specific Gravity: 1.5 gmcm3

Good light, balanced rotation, maturity, and sensitivity.

The length of this cotton fiber is good and basic. It is a light cream color. The base length is 5 cm. Cotton from the Sea Island grows mainly on the coast, in favorable climates. Especially the Gulf of Florida, Barbados and other nearby islands.

b) Egyptian Cotton:

Egyptian cotton fibers are long, beautiful, soft, and silky, similar to Sea Island cotton,which has fewer features. Egyptian cotton is found in the Middle East, especially in Egypt.

                                                        Figure: Egyptian cotton

                                                     

There are two types of Egyptian cotton:

1. Dark Egyptian cotton

2. White Egyptian cotton.

The maximum length of these cotton threads is between 3.7-4.5 cm.

Egyptian cotton buildings:

• Length: 1.5-1.75 inches (38-44mm)

• Excellent weakness

• Contains immature and dead fibers.

• Width 1/1500 inch (01.017 mm)

• Specific gravitational force: 1.5 g / cm3

For more than three years, Egyptian cotton has made a name for itself as the world's best cotton. Because of their softness, strength, and high quality, Egyptian cotton has been hailed as one of the world's most popular cotton products.

 c) South American Cotton:

South American cotton is grown in southern North America. The basic length of South American cotton fibers is between 2.5 and 3.5 cm.

                                            Fig: South American Cotton

Properties of South American Cotton:

The base length is 1-1.5 (25-38mm).

 1/1300 inch wide.

It is best suited to use other recycled fibers.

South American cotton is grown in major textile countries, such as Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and so on. Peru is one of the largest exports to South American textiles, using the resources of South American cotton.

d) American Upland Cotton:

The variety comes from Gossypium hirsutum known as upland cotton. Most American cotton belongs to the group. The basic length of American pima cotton ranges from 9/8 to 3/2 inches (27–36 mm) and the fiber is smooth, strong, shiny, silk, and creamy brown.

American upland cotton is used for sewing thread. Although a small amount of it is used for a wide range of high quality fabric. Fabrics made from American cotton are silky, smooth, soft and shiny

 e) Indian Cotton:

Indian cotton production is available in India. Indian cotton is generally poorly packed with low, stapled and coarser width. Cotton is usually white in color. It has short strands, 0.6- 0.8 inches long. It is only suitable for the production of rough ropes.

                                                                    Figure: Indian cotton

                                         

f) China Cotton:

It is usually found only in China. China cotton is a very low-quality commercial cotton. The length is 0.5-0.7 inches. The natural curvature (determination) is highly developed and not strong.